Fictional Research About CCTV Cameras Essay

This report evaluates the social impact of the installation of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV from now on) cameras in our neighbourhood. These cameras have been placed by the local government with the intention of lowering crime rates. Participants filled a questionnaire, and this report is based on their feedback. Positive effects It’s been a month since the installation of the cameras, and they have already paid off as a great discouraging system. Misdemeanours such as hold-ups have lowered by 25%, whereas sexual assaults have lowered by an astounding 78%. People say that they feel safer and protected now. Negative effects However (and paradoxically), people don’t want to be observed 24/7 by the government. 75% of the population feel mildly uncomfortable about being watched all day, but think that this is still a good measure, while another 10% do not agree at all with this system. Among the people who don’t care about the constant surveillance, 2/3 are the elderly people (60+ years old). On the other hand, the most reluctant people to the CCTV camera system are between 15 and 25 years old, about the 64% of them. This group has protested against the system, even resorting to vandalize and destroy the cameras. Conclusions Most people in the area think of the CCTV cameras as a necessary evil, and think that their children are now able to go out without the fear of being assaulted, of something even worse. Most of them don’t like being observed, specially young people, but only a few are really upset about this fact. Recommendations The best solution, given the local response (and the fact that the area was conflictive enough to force the administration to install the cameras), would be for the government to send more police to the area, both to protect the cameras and to enforce local laws. This should lead to a further lowering of crime rates.

Joystick

What is the essence of the visitor's point? Discuss how this quote could apply to the novel. Option 2: A euphemism is the substitution of a mild, indirect or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh or blunt. Never Let Me Go is filled with euphemisms such as â€Å"donations,† â€Å"completing† and â€Å"deferrals. † After explaining what these words literally mean in the context of the novel, discuss why the â€Å"guardians† of Hails use these terms in talking with the students. On a broader level, how does the author's use of these words enhance the effect of the novel as a whole?Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Options : In literature the term foil describes a character that serves to highlight or emphasize opposing traits in another character. How is Bernard a foil to Biff? How is Charley a foil to Wily? In this paper you will need to discuss the differences in these two pairs of characters. Options: Wily Loan is often referred to as a modern tragic hero. One of the traits of the tragic hero is that he is brought down by a combination of his own tragic flaw as well as forces surrounding him over which he has no control. What do you think is Wily Loan's tragic flaw?What are the outside forces (the things that are not his fault) that contribute to his suicide? Option 3: On the surface, Linda Loan appears to be a traditional and subservient wife and mother who Linda demonstrates a clear-eyed intelligence and an almost heroic sense of loyalty. Using specific evidence from the play, discuss the admirable qualities of this character. Your Name Dyspepsia Literature: Section (Be sure to put in section number. ) 17 September, 2014 Title of the Paper Goes Here When typing a paper in MEAL format, remember this simple rule: everything is bubble-spaced.This includes the heading, the space between the date and the title, and the first line of text. There should never be any large gaps of blank paper. There should BEA 1 inch m argin on all sides of the sheet. Use a standard looking font (this is Caliber) with a font size of 11 or 12. Be sure your paper has a title; it should not be underlined or in bold-face. If you mention the name of the novel or play in the title, it should be italicized. In fact, be sure to italicize the name of the book title whenever you use it.

Indigenous Australian Health And Culture Health And Social Care Essay

The ‘Little Children are Sacred ‘ study was released in 2007 following a twelvemonth long enquiry into studies of sexual maltreatment in Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory. The study made 97 recommendations to better the wellness and well-being of Autochthonal people. The federal and province authoritiess responded within 2 hebdomads with what became known as the Northern Territory Emergency Response ( NTER ) . In a rushed move that lacked lucidity of aims, research and mensurable marks or foresight to sustainability ( Edmund Rice Centre for Justice and Community Education -ERC 2008:1 ) . Autochthonal Culture is diverse and hard to specify as each community is characterised by its ain civilizations, history, political relations and demographics ( Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation ) . The Australian Governments ain reappraisal into the NTER, the NTER reappraisal ( 2008 ) measured it ‘s actions affected 45,500 Aboriginal people in over 500 communities, so it is inevitable a â€Å" one size fits all attack † ( ERC 2008 ) non be a sensible solution to the issues across the Northern Territory. â€Å" There is uncontentious support from the Autochthonal communities for a decrease in intoxicant related force, quality lodging, improved wellness and well-being, instruction and employment † ( NTER reappraisal, 2008 ) , nevertheless there is a sense of unfairness that Aboriginal people feel, being that their civilization is responsible instead than the actions of consecutive authoritiess failure to adequately supply sufficient substructure and resources. The Federal and State Governments acted on the substantiated grounds from the Small Children are Sacred study and there is no denial that action was required. The combined study from the Department of Health and Ageing and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare revealed a figure of wellness concerns ; 40 % of kids had untreated dental cavities, 38 % had perennial thorax infections, and 31 % skin conditions. Alarmingly, sing the high figure of infant deceases in Autochthonal people, 71 % of babies were found to be at hazard of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome due to bed sharing, exposure to tobacco fume and inappropriate bedclothes. Sadly though, due to the deficiency of grounds based wellness betterment schemes introduced during the intercession, long term heals ends are yet to be achieved ( Bacon, Nash, Fowler and Sorenson 2010 ) . The Government offers advancement studies on how they are shuting the spread but a comparing to the Small Children are Sacred study shows that small has really been achieved. Whilst they have appointed Dr Howard Bath as Children ‘s Commissioner ( recommendation 9 ) , the enterprises for kid protection are still either impermanent steps or waiting for funding allotment or legislative alterations. ( Northern Territory Government 2008:7 ) . Likewise, the pressing demand for better lodging and â€Å" critical mass building † ( Wild & A ; Anderson 2007 ) to alleviate overcrowding has amounted to 3 houses for autochthonal households and 19 places for Government employees ( recommendation 84 ) . Clearly this does non run into the demand identified and the $ 647 million allocat ed to remote lodging must be utilised as a affair of urgency ( Northern Territory Government 2008 p.17 ) . Australia is reportable to the International Covenant on economic, societal and cultural rights which states the ‘right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest come-at-able criterion of physical and mental wellness ‘ ( Couzos and Theile, 2007 ) . Further more, the authorities is to supply ‘sufficient resources to guarantee wellness services are available, accessible, low-cost, acceptable and of good quality ‘ ( p.522 ) . It is unacceptable so that the authorities can non work out a wellness crisis impacting less than 3 % of its population ( Webb, 2010 ) . A Western Australian Inquiry from 2002 proved success from such intercessions comes from â€Å" culturally relevant plans, staffed and managed by their ain communities † ( Gordon, Hallahan & A ; Henry 2002:388 ) and deficient co-involvement reinforces the belief of authorities control over their lives and intensifying exposure and impotence. Legislation passed at the clip allowed for the remotion of the license system to, and compulsorily acquisition of, autochthonal land, enforced English speech production in category suites, removed the Community Development Employment System ( CDES ) , quarantined 50 % of public assistance payments and implemented compulsory wellness cheques for kids ( Creative Spirits 2010 ) . This was achieved without audience with the autochthonal communities and enforced with a ferociousness reminiscent to colonial times, distributing fright and favoritism. In the words of Aboriginal Elder Yingiya Guyula from Darwin, NT, â€Å" We urgently need the white governments, federal every bit good as Northern Territory, to come and speak to us at the community degree † . Possibly if this had been the instance the people involved may hold been more unfastened to communicating and action. The execution of public assistance quarantining causes shame and humiliation to all who are affected and is non a necessary step for most people. In fact, it causes more jobs as people now need to go long distances at a immense fiscal and clip load, to shop at major mercantile establishments alternatively of back uping local shops ( Eatock 2008:12 ) . The embarrassment of utilizing a centrelink rudimentss card reveals the shoppers income position and is evocative of the ration system from the clip of colony, â€Å" taking societal security policy backwards † ( Australian Council of Social Service ) . The issue of favoritism and the wide generalization that the hapless behavior of some are displayed by all is affecting. It is known that intoxicant is a conducive factor to criminal behaviors such as force, assault and disregard, nevertheless since autochthonal people are 12 % less likely to be regular consumers of intoxicant than not autochthonal people ( Gray & A ; Saggers 2002 :115 ) , the job can be more right attributed to the deficiency of resources and funding spent in the country of instruction, bar and rehabilitation. Couzos and Theile suggest that overall wellness coverage costs for autochthonal people are well less that all other Australian citizens, and in fact have a medicare outgo of merely over a 3rd of that for not autochthonal people ( 2007:522 ) . The Government could hold achieved so much more through common coaction. In their ain response in hind sight, it was identified that long term solutions could â€Å" merely be achieved through consistent battle and partnership between community and authorities † ( NTER reexamine 2008 ) . This sentiment was mirrored by Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islands Social Justice Commissioner Mick Gooda who believes community battle is cardinal to guaranting services are â€Å" delivered and developed suitably † and funding be targeted to greatest demands ( Human Rights Commission 2010 ) . Sing autochthonal people have a rate of morbidity of disease, and societal, educational and economic disadvantage at 3 times the rate of their non autochthonal opposite numbers ( Couzos & A ; Theile 2007:523 ) and because of the unjust distribution of primary wellness attention services and marginalization in rural and distant Australia, the biomedical attack to wellness is non culturally competent in these countries ( Langton cited in Gray & A ; Saggers 2002 ) nor does it cover the holistic model now favoured in order to embrace the dimensions of wellness that are experienced in Autochthonal people, that cover the single, households and whole communities ( Besserab 2000:85 ) . The response to the NTER has been widely and aloud voiced by community members, non for net income administrations, Aboriginal rights groups, wellness organic structures and authorities bureaus. The general reaction has been one of choler for the blazing Acts of the Apostless of favoritism and neglect for human rights. The senate standing commission on community personal businesss said the Government was evidently cognizant that the NTER was outside the jurisprudence or it would non hold suspended the Racial Discrimination Act and that as such the unity of citizenship was lost rendering autochthonal people â€Å" no longer equal before the jurisprudence † ( 2010 ) . Further more, Peter Robson claims the statute law that enabled the intercession was a signifier of â€Å" corporate penalty † ( Green Left Weekly 2008:13 ) for autochthonal people. It is apprehensible that feelings of eviction, choler and isolation would be heightened along with a sense of history repetition. The mandatory acquisition of land is a peculiarly sensitive country due to the battle to win back native rubric. Of importance though is the Rudd authorities ‘s agreement to interchange support for wellness, lodging and instruction in exchange for land ( ERC 2008:5 ) . This is evidently non the instance for other Australians and represents unjust trade patterns. Aboriginal Rights Coalitions called for an â€Å" immediate terminal to the prejudiced statute law † ( Robson 2008:13 ) . Amnesty International have reported on the lodgment by Aboriginal communities to the United Nations for pressing action for breach of rights to â€Å" audience, consent and engagement † ( 2009 ) believing Australia is non run intoing its duties under the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination. It is easy to look back and justice the action of the NTER, and if the administrative officials had merely taken the clip to be after before implementing their actions, better determinations may hold been made. Assessing old intercessions elsewhere is Australia for illustration may hold given them better thoughts on how to outdo do it work. An illustration of a good undertaking is the Looma Healthy Lifestyle undertaking intercession in Queensland ( Clapham, K, O'Dea, K, & A ; Chenhall, R 2007: 275-278 ) . Faced with epidemics of diabetes and bosom disease, clip was spent developing local people from the community to take messages into the schools to advance healthier life style and better nutrition to the younger coevalss, promoting athleticss and diversion, implementing breakfast plans and doing all public countries smoke free. The local store was taken over by autochthonal people, giving more control back to the people and the consequence was healthier nutrients such as fresh fruit and vegetable and better oils for sale. The intercession proved a success through records of lower cholesterin degrees, lower blood force per unit area and less incidence of bosom disease, although diabetes degrees remained unchanged in the short term. Although on a different graduated table to the NTER, this shows how coaction and instruction can accomplish more than hurried aggressive authorities controlled enterprises. There are other illustrations of community enterprises that have brought about alteration and hope across Australia every bit good as reappraisals of old intercessions that have been successful and non successful, and the NTER may hold had a different response if the grounds had been considered and managed before hotfooting in from a top heavy attack. The 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion ( WHO ) is an illustration of researched, proved grounds that societal attacks to intervention through community development, capacity edifice and authorization are a more humane and sustainable system for alteration. The inquiry of support is a ambitious issue. The first twelvemonth cost about $ 88 million ( ERC 2008:3 ) and what this money really achieved is problematic. In that first 12 months the incidence of substance maltreatment and baccy and debris nutrient ingestion increased and school attending remained inactive ( NTER Review 2008 ) . On top of this, no grounds of paedophile rings were found in the Northern Territory, and less than 1 % of kids examined were referred to child protective services. 40 % of the kids carried treatable diseases, all of which are normally associated with poorness ( Robson 2008:13 ) . One would believe that the graduated table of morbidities found during compulsory wellness cheques for auditory, dental and parasitic diseases for illustration would justify the pressing and unrestricted arrangement of primary wellness services such as child wellness nurses in all communities. Further more, if such services had been in topographic point antecedently the degree of disregard would non hold reached such critical degrees. Surely the fiscal cost of supplying wellness and societal services on a long term footing would hold outweighed the billion dollar disbursals that achieved little over an intense period. The Federal Governments ‘Stronger Families Fund ‘ in Western Australia was a committedness of $ 20 million over a 4 twelvemonth period and created a Centre for kids to travel for nutrient, instruction, diversion and wellness demands, and it was supported by the autochthonal community who were empowered and strengthened by the mending relationships procedure ( Gordon, Hallahan & A ; Henry 2002:402-403 ) . The Edmund Rice Centre ‘s ‘Grass roots ‘ plan trialled in Goodooga in NSW really required no support. The purpose was to convey the community together, increase instruction results for kids and base on balls on civilization and was based on conveying parents and grandparents into the schoolrooms to go through on their cognition and experience and giving control to the community ( ERC 2008:6 ) . The $ 800 million committed to community safety, reconstructing communities and undertaking kid maltreatment as promised by the Rudd Government in 2009 is now bei ng watched closely and critically ( FaHCSIA 2009 ) . Another scheme to come out of the ‘Little Children are Sacred ‘ study and has gained Autochthonal support and blessing from many in the legal sphere is offender rehabilitation ( Recommendations 36-40 & A ; 72 ) . In a move to recognize Aboriginal traditional jurisprudence, maintain households together and supply and ‘effective option to condemnable justness ‘ ( Gordon, Hallahan & A ; Henry 2002:394 ) , it has been recommended the authorities expression into condemning that â€Å" incorporates Aboriginal impressions of justness and rely less on tutelary sentencing † ( Wild & A ; Anderson 2007:25 ) . This would return culturally relevant intercessions and advance a regard the community. Family duties have strong bonds and since there is a loss of assurance in white adult males policy, better results may be resolved by seting the burden back to the autochthonal groups and make a mutual regard. Aboriginal Magistrate Pat O'Shane believes if wrongdoers partic ipate in plans to â€Å" construct self regard and mend their lives and relationships † ( Gordon, Hallahan & A ; Henry 2002:394 ) , happier healthier communities will eventuate. To the job now of sustainability: It can be seen that short term holes that lack the proper support and evidenced based pattern and neglect to turn to the â€Å" implicit in societal determiners † ( Clapham, K, O'Dea, K, & A ; Chenhall, R 2007:273 ) so length of service is hard to accomplish. Sustainability has been likened to ‘routinisation ‘ ( Clapham, K, O'Dea, K, & A ; Chenhall, R 2007:273 ) , and in that regard no profound outcomes can be expected in the immediate hereafter, nevertheless the alterations can get down to be made now and the rippling will hopefully be positive. Of class support, engagement, employment, intersectoral relationships and services may non stretch between election rhythms and it is up to each authorities to perpetrate to seeing these issues through until equality is achieved for all Australians. The NTER reappraisal recognises that â€Å" you can non drive alteration into a community on the dorsum of a truck † ( 2008:58 ) . The hope of class is that no irreparable harm has occurred since 2007 that may hold set rapprochement back for a farther 200 old ages. This fright was spoken by an Aboriginal senior from the Djirrikaymirr people, Dr Djuniyini Gondarra, who said â€Å" the intercession has failed to better wellness and had in fact, intensified depression and loss of hope among Aboriginal people. † It is tragic to believe we may be responsible for farther eviction and wellness diminution on an already delicate population when our occupation was to assist and foster them to get the better of the events of the yesteryear.

Mass Customization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mass Customization - Essay Example Nonetheless, it is fundamental to consider that the costs do not augment at all. The company is, therefore, able to have an added advantage in the market as well as have the best economic value in the market. A closer analysis of mass customization relates to the fact that the individual needs are actually met but with production in large quantities (Da Silveira, Borenstein & Fogliatto, 2001). This means that the manufacturers can to suspend production of goods for a particular customer and reschedule the same production for a larger supply. Production of large volumes as indicated in the work of Da Silveira, Borenstein & Fogliatto (2001) is a product of mass customization; thus, quality production and delivery. Minimal tradeoffs in costs are also an added advantage (Da Silveira, Borenstein & Fogliatto, 2001). In the business world, mass customization plays a huge role. As seen in the research conducted by Mattila, Huuskonen & Hietikko (2013) mass customization simply refers to the manufacturing guide for manufactures. This relates to the fact that the manufactures will produce goods based on the demands of the clients. As customizers, it is expected that the manufactures embrace a technique that will influence the shape of their final product to the desirability of the customers. Mass customization, therefore, is useful for the mass manufacturing of products with efficiency, production of goods for specific clients, and production of customized goods that are on demands after ordering of goods by clients (Mattila, Huuskonen & Hietikko, 2013). In the work of Mattila, Huuskonen & Hietikko (2013), mass customization is governed by various principles. First, mass customization works on the principle that a product should have independent sections that could be easily assembled into various forms of the product. This means that the manufacturers will incur less cost while producing the products. This is referred to as agile

Operation anagement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operation anagement - Essay Example 7-Eleven has retained its competitive edge by continually refining inventory to meet the changing needs to its customers. Today, stores sell everything from fresh deli sandwiches to prepaid telephone cards, and store managers closely monitor inventory to see how fast each product is moving off the shelves. Ultimately, the inventory in any given store is determined by customer demand at that specific location. 7-eleven manages its store inventory through a centralized item master that maintains price and product information for every item its stores sell. The information is being forwarded to 7-eleven's suppliers to enable buyers and vendors to more easily communicate electronically. The item master with a larger enterprise system, manage prices on each item, in every store, in real time, allowing the company to respond quickly to changing market conditions. 7-Eleven is also using a e-procurement for store equipment and other supplies. Previously when the company wanted to upgrade or replace equipment, it would contact a few known vendors, request a price, and choose the lowest offer. Today 7-eleven is implementing the use of the Procurement solution. It enables 7-eleven to reach literally dozens of global suppliers with a single detailed Request for Proposal form, and then hold an online auction that determines the absolute best available price. It'

Analytical paper on Aristotle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analytical paper on Aristotle - Essay Example He returned to Macedonia in 338 to tutor Alexander the Great. When Alexander conquered Athens, Aristotle returned to Athens and set up a school of his own, known as the Lyceum. After Alexander's death, Athens rebelled against Macedonian rule, and Aristotle's political situation became precarious. He fled to the island of Euboea, where he died soon after. Aristotle is said to have written 150 philosophical treatises. The 30 that survive touch on an enormous range of philosophical problems, from biology and physics to morals to aesthetics to politics. Many, however, are thought to be "lecture notes" instead of complete, polished treatises, and a few may not be the work of Aristotle but of members of his school. His students acquired the name "peripatetics" from the master's habit of strolling about as he taught. Although the surviving works of Aristotle probably represent only a fragment of the whole, they include his investigations of an amazing range of subjects, from logic, philosophy, and ethics to physics, biology, psychology, politics, and rhetoric. Aristotle appears to have thought through his views as he wrote, returning to significant issues at different stages of his own development. As a result what remains is a complex record of Aristotle's thinking about many significant issues rather than a consistent system of thought. The aim of Aristotle's logical treatises (known collectively as the Organon)1 was to develop a universal method of reasoning by means of which it would be possible to learn everything there is to know about reality. Thus, the Categories2 proposes a scheme for the description of particular things in terms of their properties, states, and activities. On Interpretation3, Prior Analytics4, and Posterior Analytics5 examine the nature of deductive inference, outlining the system of syllogistic reasoning from true propositions that later came to be known as categorical logic. Though not strictly one of the logical works, the Physics6 contributes to the universal method by distinguishing among the four causes which may be used to explain everything, with special concern for why things are the way they are and the apparent role of chance in the operation of the world. In other treatises, Aristotle applied this method, with its characteristic emphasis on teleological explanation, to astronomi cal and biological explorations of the natural world In Metaphysics7 Aristotle tried to justify the entire enterprise by grounding it all in an abstract study of being qua being. Although Aristotle rejected the Platonic theory of forms, he defended his own vision of ultimate reality, including the eternal existence of substance. On The Soul8 uses the notion of a hylomorphic composite to provide a detailed account of the functions exhibited by living things-vegetable, animal, and human-and explains the use of sensation and reason to achieve genuine knowledge. That Aristotle was interested in more than a strictly scientific exploration of human nature is evident from the discussion of literary art (particularly tragedy) in Poetics9 and the methods of persuasion in the Rhetoric. 1- collected works on logic 5- Analytica Posteriora 2- Categoriae 6 - Physica 3- De Interpretatione 7 - Metaphysica 4- Analytica Priora 8 - De Anima 9 - Ars Poetica Aristotle made several efforts to explain how moral conduct contributes to the good life for human agents, including the Eudemian Ethics10 and the Magna Moralia11, but the most complete

Critically analyse the concept of fair and equitable treatment in Essay - 1

Critically analyse the concept of fair and equitable treatment in investment treaties, taking into account recent investment - Essay Example CMS Gas Transmission Company v. Republic of Argentina, Violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8 (Adopted May 25 2005). Eureko B.V. v. Republic of Poland Eureko B.V. v. Republic of Poland, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/17, (Adopted August 19 2005). Jan de Nul N.V. and Dredging International N.V. v. Arab Republic of Egypt, violation of FET principles, ICSID Case No. ARB/04/13) (Decision on Jurisdiction, June 16, 2006). LG&E Energy Corp., LG&E Capital Corp., LG&E International Inc. v. Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/. 02/1, Emphasis on the obligation of transparency (Decision on Liability, Oct 3, 2006). Loewen Group, Inc. and Raymond L. Loewen v. United States of America, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB (AF)/98/3, (Awarded on Award of June 26, 2003). Metalpar S.A. and Buen Aire S.A. v. Republic of Argentina, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/5, (Awarded on April 27, 2006). MTD Equity Sdn. Bhd. and MTD Chile S.A. v. Republic of Chile, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/27, (Awarded on Mar 21, 2007). Parkerings-Compagniet AS v. Republic of Lithuania, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Arbitration Case No. ARB/05/8, (Awarded on September 11, 2007). PSEG Global Inc. and Konya Ilgin Elektrik Uretim v. Ticaret Limited Sirketi v. Republic of Turkey, obligation on transparency on FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ... v. United Mexican States, rule of law under FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB (AF)/00/3, (Awarded on June 2, 2007). NAFTA –UNCITRAL Cases Alex Genin, Eastern Credit Limited, Inc. and A.S. Baltoil v. Republic of Estonia, violation of FET provisions, Case No. ARB/99/2, (Awarded on June 25, 2001). S.D. Myers, Inc. v. The Government of Canada, Chapter 11-NAFTA ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL/ UNCITRAL RULES, (Awarded on November 26, 2002). UNCITRAL (UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW GAMI Investments, Inc. v. The United Mexican States, UNCITRAL, (Final Award November 12, 2004). International Thunderbird Gaming Corporation v The United Mexican States, violation of FET principles ,UNICITRAL ( NAFTA), ( Final Award January 26,2006). Occidental Exploration and Production Co. v. Republic of Ecuador, violation of FET provisions, UN 3467, (Final Award July 1, 2004). Pope & Talbot v. Canada, violation of FET provisions, UNCITRAL (NAFTA) (Award on Merits of Phase 2 of April 10, 2001). Ronald S. Lauder v. Czech Republic, violation of FET provisions, UNCITRAL, (Final Award of 3 September 2001). Saluka Investments BV v. The Czech Republic, violation of FET Provisions, UNCITRAL Rules; IIC 211 (2006); 4P 116/2006 (Award on September 7, 2006). INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) Elettronica Sicula S.p.A. (ELSI) (US v. Italy), violation of FET provisions, ICJ Rep.15, 94-95, 28, ILM 1109 (1989), (Final Award n July 20, 1989). List of Treaties and Conventions â€Å"Convention on the Protection of Foreign Property of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).† (Adopted 1995 entered into force 1997). â€Å"North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)† (Entered in to force from 1 January 1994). Abs /Shawcross Draft of 1967 (adopted 1959 entered into

International fashion textiles Marketing Literature review

International fashion textiles Marketing - Literature review Example Internationalization Process Internationalization process is a particular brand development process considering from the local or domestic market place to international market place. This internationalization process used to provide international activity analysis depending upon the market penetration. International environment will generate valuable experience about the learning global strategy. For an example, an organization can gain valuable experiences in order to identify the social problems in various countries (Pride and Ferrell, 2011, p.248). Based on several literatures, internationalization process can be defined as the specific process to increase the involvement of a brand or an organization in global operations. Generally, this internationalization process comprises of a sensible planning perspective, which can help the organization to make effective strategic decisions in order to improve the organizational performance. It indicates that, the organization has internati onalized their business operations based on the strategy development (Hill and Jones, 2011, p.149). It generally supports the predefined long-term objectives of the organization. In a very much simple and similar attempt, the literatures have proposed s strategic planning process framework for the luxurious fast-fashion and textile organizations or brands that has internationalized their business operation around the globe. Exclusively, the initiative frameworks that have been proposed by the literatures depict the internationalization trend for the both born-global and gradual global luxurious fashion and textile organizations. An international strategic planning process allows several potential organizations to increase the incremental operation involvement in a very concrete manner (Behrens, 2009, p.71). These strategies only can be implemented after achieving significant success in the home or domestic market. It has been effectively revealed that the incremental process of inte rnationalization planning develops by the learning via commitment over longer period of times. In this way, the fashion and textile retailers used to construct a strong base in the domestic market (Etemed, 2005, p.62). Moreover, this strategy and process help the organiza6tions to focus on the expansion of business operations on other potential geographic areas either within the country or any other potential international area. The growth of business performance level in the domestic market used to motivate the organizations to make an international footprint around the globe. Therefore, an incremental planning structure can significantly provide the luxury fashion or the textile retail organizations an effective understanding about the competency and several aspects of a local market place (Kapferer, 2008, p.34). Moreover, it helps to identify various innovative strategies that can be effective enough to implement in the international business expansion process. There are several drawbacks that exist in the incremental planning structure. The fashion and textile retailers may not be able to execute the same strategy in terms of global market. In order to support this concept, Bell et al. (2003) has argued that, in the incrementa

Critical analysis of the report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical analysis of the report - Case Study Example 2. The research conducted (and what type of study) An ergonomic study was conducted by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) on the rangers of Yellow Stone Park. Several tests were used such as the Rhythmic Test, Tremor Test, and the Vibroactile Test, to determine the reason why the rangers are experiencing musculoskeletal disorders and to find a way to prevent this kind of disorder. The first test used was the Rhythmic test. This test is used to determine the reaction time and coordination on the right and left hands. The rhythmic tests required the participants to tap a circular pad (4–inch diameter) in time with a steady metronome beat (1.0 Hertz [Hz] slow test, 2.5 Hz fast test), either alternating palm side of hand to back of hand (supination/pronation) or tapping with the index finger. At the end of the test administration a numerical coordination index is calculated, which can be compared to the normal coordination index (CI) range provided with the test battery documentation (NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report, Yellow Stone Park, 2001). With this data, the reaction time and hand coordination of the rangers can be easily compared to the normal reaction time index. The difference will determine the effect of the vibrations experienced while riding a snowmobile on hand coordination. The second test used was the Tremor Test. This test used the Tremor 3.0 software for data analysis. The data collected were: (1) Tremor intensity, often called amplitude or vibration power, calculated as the root–mean–square (RMS), measured in meters per second per second (m/s2) of acceleration in the 0.9 to 15 Hz band during the 8–second test; (2) Center frequency, which is the average frequency of acceleration in the test band, so that 50% of the energy that drives the tremor is produced at frequencies above the center frequency and 50% is produced below; (3) Tremor Index, calculated for each hand from five parameters (e. g., tremor intensity, center frequency, standard deviation of the center frequency, harmonic index, and standard deviation of the harmonic index.); and (4) Combined index for both hands (NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report, Yellow Stone Park, 2001). This test measures the vibrations experienced by the rangers in riding the snowmobiles and the intensity of the vibration that will likely cause the musculoskeletal disorder. The third test used is the Vibroactile Sensitivity test. This test was selected to determine the effect of the hand–arm vibration produced by snowmobiles on vibration perception thresholds. The test device used was the Bruel & Kj?r Model 96–27 Vibrometry System. This fully automated system produces a mechanical stimulus (sinusoidal vibration) at a chosen frequency to the pulp of a finger tip; the participant indicates perception of the vibration by means of a hand–held button similar to that used in a hearing test. The software was configured to test vibration at four frequencies: 31.5 Hz, 125 Hz, 250 Hz, and 500 Hz. Participants placed their right arm on an ascending armrest with the palm lying open on a circular pad, allowing the fingers to hang freely above the vibrating post. The test finger was then placed on the vibrating post with the finger slightly curved and resting lightly on the post. Participants controlled the intensity of vibration with the hand–held button, tracking back and forth between levels of stimulus perception and

Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Against Gays Serving Openly in the Military Essay

Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Against Gays Serving Openly in the Military - Essay Example I think that gays should be allowed in military on the basis of certain reasons which are threat of spreading immorality, it’s being considered as an illness and violation of rule, â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell†. Homosexuality is considered immoral due to which, gays should not be allowed to join military. According to General Peter Pace, homosexuality is an immoral act and the people who are homosexual should not be allowed to serve the military of the country, as they will spread immorality (Msnbc.com 2007). The military regards homosexuals as demoralizing agents that can have a negative impact on other military men that are heterosexual. Due to the demoralizing of the armed troops, the troops will be affected negatively due to which, their performance in wars will be influenced to a great extent and this influence will be disadvantageous for the country (Shawver, 1994). Biblically, homosexuality is considered immoral and a sign of corruption due to which, homosexuals should not be allowed in the military. The military life is hard and people have to keep themselves in order and disciplined. The military people are prepared to fight for the country and they should not have any immoral atti tude towards life. Homosexuality is considered an illness due to which, gays should be restricted to join army. US Department of Defense categorizes homosexuality as a â€Å"mental disorder† (Bernard, 2006). Homosexuality was previously considered a mental illness as it was enlisted in the mental illnesses list. Afterwards, it was removed from the list but then, the homosexuals were asked to do not expose themselves publically or they would be expelled from their jobs (Shawver, 1994). When a check is made on the exposition of homosexual orientation in terms of joining army, then it is quite clear that still, homosexuality is regarded as an

The Seeds of Ageism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Seeds of Ageism - Assignment Example Ageism is an amalgamation of stereotypes beliefs, discrimination behaviors, prejudice evaluations. Ageism is attributed to the changing demographic trends in various part of the world. Life expectancy is enhanced as a result people live for a longer duration and may lead a healthy life (Marques Presentation FLARE31Aug). According to the United Nations aging index, the number of individuals above the age of 60 years is equal to the number of individuals between the age of 0- 14 years this highlight the fact that elderly people are equal in number to the young population. Further, Europe witnessed an aging index of 136.2 in 2007 while it is anticipated to enhance to 229.7 in 2050 (Ageism in Europe). These data indicate that there is going to be a drastic alteration in population structure in future which is going to have lasting implication on the society in terms of labor markets, growth both economic and developmental, the behavior of consumer as well as health systems. These implications are not ordinary to overlook as they are going to change the structure of the society. Health systems are going to affect to a greater extent as they have to witness new paradigms. Ignorance of any kind leads to prejudice or ageism. Ageism has a negative implication and it depicts the attitude an individual display towards elderly people. According to Nelson (2002), Older adults in the United States tend to be marginalized, institutionalized and stripped of accountability, supremacy and eventually their distinction. Considering the history, people used to respect their elders and provided them great regard and respect, they were considered to be guide and teachers who are experienced to help them to reach the solution in case if any problem arise. It was considered to be divine if one lives for more than 50 years of age (Branco and Williamson, 1982).  

Doctor of Philosophy in Naturology Essay Example for Free

Doctor of Philosophy in Naturology Essay Iridology is the scientific analysis of patterns and structures in the iris of the eye, which locates areas, and stages of inflammation throughout the body. The iris is the portion of the eye showing color. It reveals body constitution, inherent strengths and weaknesses, health levels, and transitions that take place in a persons body according to their way of life. HOW DID IT ORIGINATE? In the 1800s, a young boy, Ignatz Von Peczely, happened to catch an owl in his garden. The boy clearly saw a black line rising in the owls eye after accidentally breaking its leg during the struggle. He kept the bird until it had regained its health and then observed the appearance of crocked white lines across the black area in the owls eye. Von Peczely later became a physician and had the opportunity to study the irises of many patients. He grew certain that there existed a reflex relationship between tissue changes in the body and iris markings and developed the first iris chart, which has been continually researched and revised over the years. HOW DOES IT WORK? The complex iris is composed of hundreds of thousands of nerve endings, which are connected by impulses to every tissue of the body through the brain and nervous system. The nerve fibers, or trabecula, respond specifically to tissue and organ conditions with a corresponding physiological reflex manifested in the iris as lesions and color variations. The iris chart, which is the result of many years of clinical observation and intensive research by Dr. Bernard Jensen and others, represents the basic placement of body organs and tissues similar to a map. An accurate iris analysis is possible by superimposing the chart over an iris image projection, allowing detailed observation of the valuable and reliable data recorded there. WHAT WILL IT SHOW? A complete iris analysis will show whether a person exhibits a generally good constitution or a poor one, depending upon the density of the iris fibers, the patterns, structures, colors and degrees of lightness and darkness in the iris tell if an area of the body is inherently strong or weak. It also reveals the relative site of over-activity, irritation, injury or degeneration of the tissues and organs. Toxic accumulation levels can he observed as well as nutritional and chemical imbalances. WHAT WILL IT NOT SHOW? Iridology will not show or name a specific disease but provides information about the body tissues, which indicate tendencies toward conditions of disease, often before symptoms appear. Iridology will not reveal surgery performed under anesthesia as nerve impulses are discontinued. Iridology cannot locate parasites, gallstones, or germ life, but will indicate the presence of inflammation and toxic conditions, which are a refuge for their development. It will not show pregnancy, as that is a normal function of the female body HOW CAN IT HELP ME? Iridology is potentially an integral part of preventive health care. It has the ability to forewarn of approaching difficulties or signs of disease. Iridology can be a powerful tool, allowing one to determine what is transpiring inside the body from a simple, painless, and economical external vantage point. In effect, iridology will reveal how well your body functions. Improper nutrition and lack of exercise undermines the bodys integrity until eventually it becomes unable to reverse damaging toxic conditions through its own natural self-healing mechanisms, becoming susceptible to ailments of a chronic nature. Therefore, nutrition and iridology are inseparable in ones pursuit of a healthy way of life and holistic health care program. Iridology helps us understand our weakness so we may strengthen and cleanse our bodies to obtain our maximum health potential. It brings to us an awareness of how to prevent illness, thus allowing us to earn our most precious earthly treasurevibrant physical, mental and spiritual health! Methodology: Definition of Iridology: According to Medical Dictionary, Iridology is the practice of diagnosing disease by examining the iris of the eye. Although some diseases do affect the eye, iridology is not considered scientific medicine. What is Iridology or Iris Analysis? Iridology is the study of the iris of the eye. Iri and iris come from the Greek name of the goddess of the rainbow, Iris. The Greeks noted eyes come in many, many colors. And logy also comes from the Greek, meaning study of. Literally translated, iridology means the study of the coloration of the eye. The iris reveals changing conditions of every part and organ of the body. Every organ and part of the body is represented in the iris in a well-defined area. In addition, through various marks, signs, and discoloration in the iris, nature reveals inherited weaknesses and strengths. By means of this art / science, an iridologist (one who studies the coloration and fiber structure of the eye) can tell an individual his/her inherited and acquired tendencies towards health and disease, his current condition in general, and the state of every organ in particular. Iridology cannot detect a specific disease, but, can tell an individual if they have over or under activity in specific areas of the body. For example, an under-active pancreas might indicate a diabetic condition. What is Iridology all about? The eyeball is normally defined as a globe or sphere, but it is oval and not circular. It is approximately 2. 5cm in diameter, transparent in front. It has three layers: (1) Inner nervous layer (2) Middle, vascular, and, (3) Outer fibrous, the layer that supports The choroids or middle vascular coat contains the blood vessels. This vascular coat forms the iris with a central opening known as pupil. The color of the eye is given by the pigmented layer behind the iris. This pigmented layer is largely responsible for the color of eyes that we recognize mainly as blue, brown, gray or mixed . The word iris is derived from Greek root, which means, â€Å"halo† or â€Å"rainbow†. It is believed that iris is associated with rainbow because of its colors. According to â€Å"Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary†, Iridology can be defined as â€Å"†¦the study of the iris, particularly of its color, markings, changes etc, as associated with disease†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

A Case Study Of Love Canal Environmental Sciences Essay

A Case Study Of Love Canal Environmental Sciences Essay Abstract- This paper is prepared to fulfill the requirement of subject Engineering Ethic (BENU 4583) which is included in Bachelor Degree of Electronic Engineering (Telecommunication). The case study is conducted on the Love Canal contamination issue which triggered the environmental alarm of United State at 1970s. The significant effect of Love Canal concern was the creation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Introduction Love Canal, located in Niagara Falls, New York. It had its attention on a national scale as well as international scale at 1970s for the matter of toxic waste been buried beneath the neighbourhood by Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation. In year 1953, Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation sold a land which was used for chemical waste dump to the Niagara Falls School Board for the use of building school on it. Figure 1 shows the location the 99th Street Elementary School in the centre of Love Canal. The agreement has been done with the full knowing of the risks. The Niagara Falls School District bought the land with the cost of one dollar and granted Hooker Chemical will release from all liability from the contamination. The nearby area was then built with residential neighbourhoods without declaring the hazardous of the place to the residents. With the disturbance by the building on the soil, the entire property was contaminated, causing an excessive of health problems occurre d. History William T. Love was an ambitious entrepreneur who conceived a canal which will link the two levels of Niagara River separated by Niagara Falls for the generation hydro electricity. Due to the barring of Congress and Panic of 1893, the plan was changed. The canal was dug for the purpose of shipping lane which will bypass Niagara Falls reaching to Lake Ontario. He managed to dig a canal for a length of 1.6 km, width of 15 m and the depth of 3 m to 12 m, stretching northward from the Niagara River before he went bankrupt. [2] The project went idle and the canal became a dump site for City of Niagara Falls. By 1940s, Elon Hooker who owns Hooker Electrochemical Company bought Love Canal with the granted permission by the Niagara Power and Development Company in 1942 for chemical wastes dumping. The canal was chosen due to the soil characteristic impermeable clay and the small population at the neighbourhood. Other than the wastes from Hooker, The U.S Army disposed the toxic chemical wastes there during and after World War II as well, also the unloading of the city of Niagara Falls municipal refuse into the Love Canal. Under pressure of Canal property been expropriated by the Niagara Falls School Board, Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation had to sell on the condition of the company will be fully freed from the future liability for the chemical dump. Figure 2 shows that approximately 21,800 tons of companys wastes been dumped into the pit before the property been legally transacted to the Niagara Falls School Board of Education in 1953. Before the agreement was done, Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation did cite the safety concerns of the property. The architect had risen up the issue of relocation of building location to the Board due to the dump sites which filled with 55-gallon drums of chemical wastes he discovered during the construction. The construction of 99th Street School was immediately started after relocation to further north from the top of the canal. By neglecting of the exposure of chemical wastes residues, the school was completed and been offered to students in year 1955, followed by the 93rd Street School in year 1958 which was built 6 blocks away. Incidentally, both sites had approval from the Niagara Falls Planning Board on December 30, 1952. [3] In year 1957, the remaining land was sold and rapid developments were held for homes. The Niagara Falls Authority also planned to build Griffon Manor housing project. C:UsersJaeDesktopLove Canallove_canal_modern_aerial_thumb.jpg Fig. 1: Location of 99th Street School on Love Canal. [1] C:UsersJaeDesktopLove CanalLove-Canal.jpg Fig. 2: Dumped Chemical Wastes in Love Canal [1] In year 1978, the State Departments of Health and Environmental Conservation launched sampling and analysis of the homes adjacent to the Love Canal. The analysis had identified 82 different chemical compounds at the landfill, of one is known as human carcinogen and 11 are known or presumed anima carcinogens. [4] The Commissioners of Health and Environmental Conservation took every remedy available of the State to protect the publics health and safety. Dr Whalen, the Public Health Specialist in Health Department termed Love Canal is an extremely serious threat to the health and welfare. The Niagara Country Health Commissioner had been summoned to eliminate the visible chemicals and restrict access of the site. Extensive analyses showed that the chemicals seeped into the basement and contaminated the groundwater. The resident of Love Canal started to concern about the health issue and thereby Lois Gibbs, the head of the Love Canal Homeowners Association made complaints about the surfaced chemicals substances in their yards. However, it was in vain as the local politicians were not assisting the residents. The dumped site was declared as an unprecedented state emergency on August, 1978. The residents were urged to evacuate the neighbourhood for good sake. United State President Jimmy Carter called for allocation of federal funds to remedy Love Canal site. The toxic area has been reburied with a thick plastic linear clay and dirt. The area is restricted from the public today while the issue has become a catalyst for future environmental laws creation. C:UsersJaeDesktopLove Canalflipper.jpg Fig 3: Flipper [1] Most of the buildings on the east and west sides of the canal had been demolished. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that the chemicals were responsible to the residents illness in year 1979. Some of the important chemicals and the human biological hazards are shown in Table 1. The health studies that done by the United States National Research Council (NRC) in 1991 showed that the exposed unborn babies were stunted growth, for e.g. flippers case as shown in Figure 3. Table 1: List of Important Chemicals identified at Love Canal Compound Acute Effects Chronic Effects benzene Narcosis Skin irritant Acute leukemia Aplastic anemia Pancytopenia Chronic lymphatic leukemia Lymphomas (probable) toluene Narcosis (more powerful than benzene) Anemia (possible) Leukopenia (possible) trichloroethylene Central nervous depression Skin irritant Liver damage Paralysis of fingers Respiratory and cardiac arrest Visual defects Deafness Views of Engineers Code of Ethics In this case study, National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) Code of Ethics has been used as reference. As a Professional Engineer, the Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation has violated NSPE Code of Ethics, Section II.1 which states that Engineers, in the fulfilment of their professional duties, shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. The corporation have to aware with the injury and danger that could lead to fatal in the future before they dispose of chemicals. Despite of it, the Niagara Falls School Board has to responsible to the construction of the schools and homes as stated in the agreement with Hooker. Hooker did acknowledge the hazardous of the land before they sold it. They should not build other than park on the Love Canal otherwise the property will revert to Hooker. The Niagara Power and Development Company and Niagara Falls Planning Board did not obey the statement in Section II.1.b where Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standards. The disposal of wastes by Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation was approved by Niagara Power and Development Company where no health concerns were showed for the future. The construction of 99th and 93rd Street Schools by Niagara Falls Planning Board were approved without any investigations on the land. Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and, when relevant, also to public authorities, and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required as stated in Section 1.II.e. The architect and contractors of the schools building did not report to the authorities other than the Board when they found out the truth that the superintendent covered from the view of public. In Section II.3.a, engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matter. Hooker Chemical did not reveal everything to the public regarding on the chemical wastes beneath the land of Love Canal although pressure was laid on Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation. On the other hand, the Niagara Falls School Board hide the facts which has been cited by Hooker Chemical and just let the sleeping dogs lie. Implementation of Engineering Society Codes Tragedy Love Canal 1978 is a dangerous and the worst tragedy in U.S. history. Love Canal tragedy resulting from the pile of chemical waste has caused environmental degradation and diseases such as defects, fetal loss and cancer. Negligence of some of the parties was the main factor to the disaster. The tragedy can be prevented if the parties involved concerned about the environmental importance and apply the appropriate code of ethics in the particular case. The NSPE Code of Ethics is referred in this task. First of all, as to hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in Section II.1, the Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation who uses the Love Canal as a chemical waste disposal site should not be sold for residential development purposes although under pressure of the Canal property will be confiscated by the government. The parties that involved such as Niagara Falls Planning Board in the project should be concern in approving the development projects as stated in Section II.1.b. They shall approve those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standards and appropriate contents and details. Thus, the atmosphere of the area used for disposal of the chemicals specified in the document and might be aware of the threat when developing residential areas. In order to prevent the tragedy, the Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation should also issue public statements in an objective and truthful manner. They should clarify earlier that the area was not suitable for settlements before being sold. Section II.3.a states that all relevant and pertinent information in their reports, statements or testimony, which should bear the date indicating when it was current should included in the public statements. Engineers who involved in the project should be concerned about the conditions of the soil and environment before approving the project to proceed. They may express publicly their technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the particular subject matter. Therefore, the development could be revoked, and prevent the tragedy. Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation sold Canal property with a token of dollar, hopping that the cooperation will be freed from the liability in the future contamination. It shows a deceptive act of Hooker and they concern more about own priority even though they knew the consequences that can be struck out of their actions which can be stated in Section II.5.b. They shall not put the consideration in order to secure themselves only but to concern the public in the future. In addition, the leakage of chemical waste disposal drums is one of the factors that caused the eruption. This leakage occurred due to chemical reaction after heavy rains. However, the parties involved in the construction of the disposal drums shall not approve plans or documents dealing with the construction without prior concern about the quality and endurance towards the chemical reaction. The Love Canal tragedy could be avoided if the authorities involved showing a reasonable ethical behaviour in the particular cases. Ethical Theories The case has been analyzed in different perspectives. There are no specific theories that can be chosen to solve the problem but the result will be the same as the ethical theories will lead to the same conclusion. Utilitarianism seeks to produce the most utility, defined balancing of good and bad. The theory holds the actions that maximizing the well-being of the society rather than individuals. The Niagara Falls School Board had to build schools and homes due to the economic boom of population in Niagara Falls after World War II. However, the hazardous of the land was not taking into account. The act utilitarianism is the main ideology in this case. The Love Canal was chosen by Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation for the chemicals disposal due the soil condition of the land and the plethora population at the nearby area. Plus, the dumping of chemical wastes was legal until year 1980. Right ethics and Duty ethics hold actions that respect the rights of the individual as well as the good consequences to the society. Love Canal residents have the right to know the past history of the Love Canal. John Locke (1623-1704) said that humans deserve the equal right to life, liberty and property with the others, although in this case, most of them are the  mixture of low-income and single family residences. The residents who live at Love Canal have the right to live without fear of harms due to hazardous wastes. Ironically, the whole nation will benefits from the safe disposal of these wastes. Hence, Duty Ethics indicates the overall advantages to the society compared to that of the right ethics of the residents at Love Canal. Other than the chemical wastes by Hooker, the disposal of wastes from the U.S Army during and after World War II and the municipal disposal from neighborhoods of Niagara Falls City are part of contribution of the hazards to the public. After the declaration of emergency, the Occidental Chemical Cooperation (OCC) and U.S. Army show their responsibility on the disposal of wastes. They reimburse the residents loses in terms medical checking and lodging. Later, they remediate the Love Canal and restricted the land to the public. Virtue Ethics says that discharging wastes is irresponsible and harmful to individuals and so it should not be done. The honesty in declaring the facts to the public should have carried out by the Hooker Chemical and Plastics Cooperation and the Niagara Falls School Board. They are responsible in acknowledging the residents on the hazard issue of the land. Hooker should hold public-spirited action in the consideration of the selling of Canal property to the Board. The health concerns of the public should come first compared to that of the freed of liability for the future contamination. Factual, Conceptual and Moral Issues A canal was created in year 1890 with hopes of generating the hydro electricity. It was meant to generate power inexpensively to fuel the areas industry and homes. However, the project failed due to limitations and in 1942 the Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation bought it and buried 22,000 tons of toxic waste in the area. The proper sited, managed, and regulated landfills were approved by the Niagara Power and Development Company. Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation sold this site to the Niagara Falls School Board with a deed explicitly detailing the danger contained within the site, and including a liability limitation clause about the contamination. The schools were built on the Love Canal without concerning Hookers warnings. Wastes that buried beneath the Love Canal seeped out and polluted the air, water, or soil. The analytical tests were then carried out. The tested result on several sump-pumps near Love Canal and found toxic chemicals in them where potential effect to health such as cancer, blood diseases, epilepsy, miscarriages and others. The Superfund law was created to protect communities from heavily contaminated toxic waste sites that have been abandoned. Remedial works started after the order from the U.S. President Jimmy Carter. Clean-up by with the built of drainage trench and the clay was placed over land. Congressional acts developed to face toxics problem and EPA making grants for programs to specialize in safe handling and disposal of wastes. [5] Flow chart is used often by the engineering students. Flow chart is chosen as it can emphasize the different aspects of the same problem. For solving an ethical problem, all possible outcomes and scenarios has to be determined. Thus, flow chart is the best choice in solving the Love Canal case study problem. Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation wish to use Love Canal as the site of chemical wastes disposal. Are local laws strict for health safety? Choose another location to be dump site. Is health safety of the public taken into account? Provide remedies for future contamination. Dump the chemicals wastes into the canal with shielded drums. No No Yes Yes Fig. 4: Application of simple flow chart to the Love Canal case, emphasizing potential decisions made during consideration of dumping the wastes into the canal. Niagara Falls School Boards would like to build schools and homes at Love Canal. Is the land free from hazards of the wastes buried beneath? Relocate for the location of construction. Is the health safety of the residents been guaranteed? Acknowledge the risk of staying at that area to the residents. Continue the construction plan. No No Yes Yes Fig. 5: Application of simple flow chart to the Love Canal case, emphasizing potential decisions made during consideration of schools and homes building on the canal. As illustrated in Figure 4, it presents the decision making process of the Love Canal as the dump site of chemical wastes. The Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation should ensure that there is no leakage of the chemicals to the ground. Remedies such as restriction of constructions on that area should be implemented if they have foreseen the effect of contamination in the future. The Niagara Falls School Board neglecting the issue of health safety on the contamination land speeds up the level of exposure of the chemicals to the public. While for Figure 5, it shows the decision making process that might have gone by the authorities involved, for instance, The Niagara Falls Planning Board and The Niagara Falls School Board. They decide on the construction of the schools. It is obviously shows that the Boards only relocate the constructions 6 blocks away from the original plan due to the statements of the architect, saying that concrete foundation might damage if constructing the building on top of the dump site. The tragedy happens because the removal of protection clay cap and holes punching into the impermeable clay walls to build water lines. Remedies The Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation should plan the proper way to dispose the hazardous waste properly without effecting the environment. Besides, they should identify the hazardous waste and manage it differently. Since in this case, they put them together in the same place. Dioxin is the most hazardous substance together with benzene; carcinogen and other make the very worst impact to the society health. Furthermore, the government should survey and should expect the effect of build La Salle Expressway that crosses the canal. It makes the buried chemical beneath the land to migrate and seep from the canal. Effect of this construction, it restricted groundwater from flowing to Niagara River. It turns the breached canal into overflowing pool. Management of the Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation should alert their hazardous waste is very harmful to the human and environment event in long term. They should not sell the property to the government. Otherwise they should manage the waste properly until it may not affect to environment. In addition, the management of private developer, for example Niagara Falls Housing Authority builds the housing project without knowing the history of the canal and the agreement between the Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation and the school board. The local authorities or especially local politicians were trying to deny the problem. The Mayor of Niagara Falls, Micheal C.OLaughlin state that there is nothing wrong in Love Canal. As the mayor or the local authority, he should take this problem as serious thing. He should study the history; survey the health report that obviously shows that there has something wrong with that area. Also, he should observe the area himself to prove it. Then take the precaution and final way to avoid the problem. In this disaster, the government has make a big mistake by wedged the Hooker Corporation to sell the properties even thought the Hooker has demonstrate that there have hazardous waste underground. The government should know the long term effect of this waste and not to build the school or any housing. Last but not least, the local government also went against all repeated warnings by the Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation and tried to profit off of the contaminated land. The government knows the chemical contain but they removed part of the protective clay cap to use as fill dirt and punched holes in the impermeable clay walls to build water lines and the La Salle Expressway. At the beginning they should conscious about the environment and society. They cannot take in pawn of human life rather than for their sake. Conclusion There is a remaining question- who has the liability regarding accidents occurring from wastes disposed of previously? Although taking into the account of these aggressive strides to make sure that hazardous waste is safely managed, it becomes a questionable issue. Relating to the liability, if health safety is detected at dangerous level, what are the authorities that willing to correct the situation? Are they willing to accept the after risk? Whos going to pick up the tab? However, undoubtedly this question will be taken in hand effectively in the future. One of the main problems which against is that the shifting of the lands ownership. It is difficult to determine liability. It is within power of human to work out effective controls designed to significantly lower or even cut off the environmental risks. Justifications in decisions that made are crucial in solving the dilemma. The tragedy is not over and done that the residents of Love Canal have given more than others.

The Company Magners Cider Marketing Essay

The Company Magners Cider Marketing Essay Global logics can be explained as a process to determine globalisation with successive dimensions, each taken separately, and interpreted for telling patterns. The existence of global logics means that the company recognizes the need to find a appropriate response to address concern regarding globalisation. The nonattendance of global logics specifies that issues of globalisation are not correctly addressed. The understanding of these logics has been helpful to reduce the complexity to globalise a company(Jeannet n.d.). Magners cider has always fostered the mechanism of making the right product available to the people at the right place. In France people are inclined to drink for pleasure and less inclined to binge out, the French people consume slightly more alcohol than their neighbours Britain (also biggest consumers of magners cider), this is due to the fact that French like to have drinks during meals, and most French men do not find it smart to get drunk. 4/5th of the magners consumers under the age of 24 like to drink in the bar, only a tenth of customers choose magners over bar. It is also a fact that men are most likely to consume cider than women. Nevertheless, female would prefer to have cider in a garden or a part, cider is not considered as a drink they would have with food (Just-drinks 2010). Magners has catered the global customer needs and advantages of its products considering the segmental and geographical differences. The primary quality of the product is that its natural drink ma de from apples. This is great competitive benefit with a world full of food additives. Also the death rate in france is high these days, so people are considering switching to healthier drink options which can prove to be very advantageous for magners. Also cider has fewer calories than beer, which will make it appealing to health conscious people especially women(Keynote 2009). Thats why the company will make sure that Magners cider is shown with apples and served on ice in each advertisement. Magners will strengthen cider by showing it as a mixture of seventeen different types of apples. In short, the company wants to show the product as a traditional company with a great experience that manufactures a distinctive natural product. It is very essential to have an intense promotional campaign, because it is very difficult to maintain such promotion activities for a long time, so it is essential to have two levels of communication: Intense Communication during the launch phase to increase brand awareness Long term communication to have a presence in peoples mind (Appendix 2). 3.2 Global Competitor Logic When competition creates a compelling debate to practise globalisation, global competitor logic comes into play. In a few industries a company faces different set of competitors in different markets, point towards low competitor logic; same is the case of magners in france. The customary cider distilled in France was once not so popular because of negative image and declining sales, but it is essential to give emphasis to space for growth in the sector especially in the over the ice cider which magners is famous for; to support this declaration French brewer which was experiencing rapid decline in the beer market for 25 years has decided to enter cider market with its Apple frost drink and aiming to sell 25,000 bushels in its initial year of launch, this will be the main competitor in the over the ice cider market (Perkins n.d.). Also MDD (Marque de Distributeur) has largest cider market share of 41.5%, LoÃÆ' ¯c Raison has 22.5% and Ecusson and Autres has 10% each(Keynote 2010). 3.3 Global Regulatory Logic Alcohol consumption patterns and drinks preferences vary from country to country. All countries have different laws regarding consumption and minimum required for it. It can be said that global regulatory logic is high, because regulations differ from country to country and France has been very strict about its amendment. In France alcohol kills about 45,000 people and costs 17.6 thousand millions à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ each year. In 2005, the parliament of France amended a law on alcohol advertisement called the Evin law, which was the result of consensus between public health specialists and consensus wine firm owner (Keynote 2011). This law allows using objective characteristics during promotion but bans any form of qualitative arguments. The manufacturers of wine will be able to use facts such as geographical area, explanation about colour and taste (Bremer n.d.) (Perkins n.d.). The deficiency of social problems in France due to alcohol is because drinking is very expensive in bars, so young people usually purchase very less from bars and then move to home. France has no intention to follow the path of its neighbour Britain when binge drinking is involved. Authorities have the power to strip the bar from its license, and people are advise carry DIY breath testing kits to verify themselves before driving. Alcopop (beverages including distilled alcohol) was heavily criticised and government taxed them out disagreement (EPHA 2007)(Hennessey Jeannet n.d.). 3.4 Global Information Logic Information acquirement by customers is very important factor for global marketing strategies, its a way how consumers scrutinize the environment, the different types of media they are exposed to and how much they are willing to travel to acquire certain information. Magners has always relied heavily on TV advertising, but in France there are legal consequences of promoting alcohol on television and is strictly forbidden. But magners has always invested heavily on marketing and advertising and will use other forms of effective advertising. Magners will focus on radio advertising, and other forms of outdoor advertising such billboards and bus stop advertisements. One should keep in mind alcohol promotion in France must transmit a moderate message(Bremer n.d.). These types of promotion are best way to highlight orchards orange through seasoned affected life style. Magners has a difficult task of overcoming cynical and hesitant audiences to communicate the right message of brand. Past p romotional campaigns have seen magners create outdoor implementations to influence natural apple proposition. Advertising has been central part of magners entry in the international market. Global information logic here is strong as magners as always relied on TV, radio, press, advert boards in all of the countries it operates (except TV in France)(Martin 2007). Marketing Strategies Target Group Primary target Group: Magners cider primary target group would be young singles aged between 18-34. They can be either male or female as its appealing to both. Secondary target group: All the people allowed consuming alcohol. Cider is a drink for all ages in England. This expression was also to be created in French market Our secondary target group are basically all the people, who are allowed to drink alcohol. Cider is a drink which is consumed by people of all ages in Great Britain. This image is meant to be created in the French market as well. Magners cider aims to sell the product all over France. But at an initial stage, the company would like to test the product in big cities like Rennes, Paris, Bordeaux, Lyon, Nizza and Grenoble. Also Magners is supporting English rugby teams, so magners want to do the same by selling cider in French rugby cities like Auvergne, Toulouse, Perpignan and Montpellier (Appendix 1). This report has scrutinized the global logics applicable for Magners Cider when entering the French market, it come across French market and people perceptions about the product. It can be said that clear magners cider has no real competition in France as there are no direct competitors for direct competition for over-ice bottled cider. It is important to note that attitude towards drinks is different in France, but still it has an image of being a traditional, old-fashioned drink which young consumers dont like to drink, however consumers have different perceptions for new drinks like ice cider. It is important to note that alcohol advertising is prohibited in France, and there are strict rules on these type of advertising, nevertheless magners will look into the past promotional strategies to overcome such barrier and catch the attention of the French people, relying on heavy advertising budget of outdoor advertising etc. Entering French cider market is a good decision as magners b rand image will help it to overcome its competitors (direct indirect) very easily.

Terrorists :: essays research papers

WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The federal government has asked the National Academy of Sciences not to publish a research paper that feds describe as a "road map for terrorists" on how to contaminate the nation's milk supply. The research paper on biological terrorism, by Stanford University professor Lawrence M. Wein and graduate student Yifan Liu, provides details on how terrorists might attack the milk supply and offers suggestions on how to safeguard it. The paper appeared briefly May 30 on a password-protected area of the National Academy of Science's Web site. Journalists use that area of the Web site to get advance copies of articles slated for publication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. People who downloaded the Wein-Liu paper called the Food and Drug Administration for comment, and the FDA notified the Department of Health and Human Services, which asked the academy to stop the article's publication. The paper "is a road map for terrorists and publication is not in the interests of the United States," HHS Assistant Secretary Stewart Simonson wrote in a letter to the science academy chief Dr. Bruce Alberts. The paper gives "very detailed information on vulnerability nodes" in the milk supply chain and "includes ... very precise information on the dosage of botulinum toxin needed to contaminate the milk supply to kill or injure large numbers of people," Simonson wrote. "It seems clear on its face that publication of this manuscript could have very serious public health and national security consequences." Simonson wrote that acting FDA Commissioner Dr. Lester Crawford was joining him in the request to halt publication. Officials of HHS and the academy said they are to meet Tuesday to discuss the article. "The academy has been dealing with the issue of scientific openness versus national security since 9/11," said academy spokesman Bill Kearney. "The academy [members] are strong advocates of scientific openness while ensuring that nothing is done to aid terrorists." Kearney said the NAS routinely vets papers for security concerns before publishing them and had vetted the Wein-Liu paper. After HHS raised concerns, the NAS decided to "take a step back and make sure that we weren't putting out anything that we're uncomfortable with," he said. NAS is a private, nonprofit society of scientists and engineers chartered by Congress to advise the government on science and technology. HHS spokesman Marc Wolfson said Wein showed a draft of his paper last fall to HHS staffers, who expressed concern about the level of detail in the paper.

Realisations of direct object :: essays research papers fc

In this essay I would like to focus on the possible realisations of a direct object. At the beginning I will try to explain what an object is. I want to make clear difference between direct and indirect objects and I will also write about some other clausal elements which influence objects. Generally, we can distinguish five basic elements within a sentence: subject, verb, complement and object. Let’s imagine we have a sentence in which there is involved some action. If the action or event involves another person or thing which the action affects, relates to or produces, we express it by placing a nominal group referring to them directly after the verbal group (verb). This is called direct object (I-subject- don’t like- verbal group- Jack.-object realised by a nominal group). Clauses which contain a direct object are called transitive clauses. Verbs contained in these clauses which are followed by direct object are called transitive verbs. Direct object is the most frequent kind of object and if there is an indirect object in the sentence, there must be a direct object as well (but there are some exceptions from this rule). An object (both direct and indirect) can be also described as a noun phrase or clause with nominal function which follows subject and predicator (verbal group). For distinguishing objects it is necessary to know that by being made passive they assume the role of subject. Objects can be realised by a nominal group or by finite clauses. The finite clauses can be further divided into â€Å"that† clauses and â€Å"wh-â€Å"clauses. Other way of realising objects are non- finite clauses. We distinguish two types of them: â€Å"to infinitive† clauses and â€Å"-ing† clauses. The example of a direct object realised by a nominal group can be: The police (subject) caught (verb) the murderer (direct object). Direct objects realised by pronouns belong to this category as well. Pronoun is considered to be a nominal group. We use so called object pronouns in these sentences. Object pronouns are: me, us, you, him, her, it and them. Example of such realisation is: Jack (subject) couldn’t find (verb) them (object realised by a pronoun). Usage of â€Å"that† clauses depends on the verb in the preceding clause. Verbs which are often followed by â€Å"that† clause can be divided into verbs of knowing and perceiving (believe, imagine, find, realise, see) - I believe that the situation will improve soon.

Adam Smith :: Biography

Adam Smith Adam Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland. His exact date of his birth is unknown but he was baptized on June 5, 1723. At the age of fifteen, Smith began attending Glasgow University where he studied moral philosophy. In 1748 he began giving lectures in Edinburgh where he discussed rhetoric and later he began to discuss the economic philosophy of the â€Å"simple system of natural liberty† which he later proclaimed in his Inquiry into Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. In 1751, Smith was appointed professor of logic at Glasgow university, transferring in 1752 to the chair of moral philosophy. His lectures covered the field of ethics, rhetoric, jurisprudence and political economy. In 1759 he published his Theory of Moral Sentiments, embodying some of his Glasgow lectures. This work was about those standards of ethical conduct that hold society together, with emphasis on the general harmony of human motives. Smith moved to London in 1776, where he published An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, which examined in detail the consequences of economic freedom. It covered such concepts as the role of self-interest, the division of labor, the function of markets, and the international implications of a laissez-faire economy. The Wealth of Nations established economics as an autonomous subject and, launched the economic doctrine of free enterprise. In the western world, it is the most influential book on the subject. When the book, which has become a classic manifesto against mercantilism, appeared in 1776, there was a strong sentiment for free trade in both Britain and America. This new feeling had been born out of the economic hardships and poverty caused by the war but the British public and parliament still clung to mercantilism for many years to come. Smith laid the intellectual framework that explained the free market and still holds true today.

Srs for Bank Management

EXPERIMENT NO: 2 AIM: To document Software Requirement Specification for Dance Academy. THEORY: 1) Introduction: 1. 1) Purpose: This document gives detailed functional and non-functional requirements for Dance Academy. The purpose of this document is that the requirements mentioned in it should be utilized by software developer to implement the system. 1. 2) Scope: This system allows the bank employee to maintain a record of all the customers who have account in the bank.With the help of this system, the employee should be in a position to search the records of a particular customer, provide him detailed account information and delete and update the customer information as and when required. 1. 3) Overview: This system provides an easy solution to the bank employee to maintain customer as well as employee records and maintaining a record of all the transactions that take place. 2) General Description: This Bank Management System replaces the conventional, traditional file and record based system with the help of which a lot of paper work will be reduced.Thus the manual work of maintaining files which are subjected to physical wear and tear can be avoided. The employee must be able to view all the information of customers such as name, account number, date of birth, gender, address, initial balance. Also it must be able to record different transactions such as withdrawal, deposit or transfer of funds from one account to another. The employee can also add new staff members to the system providing them direct access to the database and thus enabling them to provide services to the users.The employee can also change his password to follow security constraints. 3) Functional Requirements: 3. 1) Description: The identity of each customer is verified and only then changes are made to the records each customer. After proper verification, the bank employee can bring proper changes to the database as per the requirements of the user. Also the system maintains an employee database thus keeping a record of all the members of bank as well as keeping the records of the transactions which take place daily. 3. 2) Technical issues: The system should be implemented in .NET. 4) Interface Requirements: 4. 1) GUI: GUI 1: The first form provides login page for the employee. GUI 2: After successful login, there are different actions that can be performed i. e. change password, sign-out, add customer, delete customer, add details, view details etc. GUI 3: For adding customers, all the required information is taken and the submit button is selected for making corresponding changes into the database. GUI 4: Once the changes are made into the database, on clicking the view details icon, the details of the customer can be obtained.GUI 5 and 6: The details of the customer can be updated with the help of form 5. A particular customer can be removed with the help of delete customer option. GUI 7,8 and 9: These forms record the different transactions such as withdrawal, deposit, transfer. 4. 2) Hardware Interface: Hardware Interface 1: The system should be embedded in each PC of the bank and in all of its branches. 4. 3) Software Interface: Software Interface 1: Bank Management System. Software Interface 2: The staff and employee database should maintain necessary records. ) Performance Requirements: The system should work concurrently on multiple computers during the working hours of bank. The system should support 50 users. 6) Design Constraints: The system should be designed in 2 months. 7) Other Non Functional Attributes: a) Security: Each employee is provided with a user ID and password to log into the system. Only then he can manipulate the database. b) Availability: The system should be available during bank working hours. c) Maintainability: There should be a facility to add or delete customers as and when required. ) Reusability: The same system must be used in every financial year. 8) Operational Scenarios: There will be an employee data base and customer database. The employee database contains personal information of all the employees. The customer database contains personal as well as account related information. 9) Preliminary Schedule: The system has to be implemented in 2 months. CONCLUSION: Thus we have documented Software Requirement Specification for Bank Management System (BMS).

Research proposal and literature review

AbstractThis look for proposal consists of several(prenominal) stops that stomach a applicable focal point for the smashment of a seek project on the outcome of endowment fund counseling and noesis caution in present-day(a) governings. The first part introduces the mentioned topic by providing decorous background expatiate that aim at exploring the direct splice among endowment centering and companionship counseling portas apply by companies. The help part is the books limited review consisting of steadfast evidence obtained from steering literature. The third part of the proposal ac friendships the pro sufferd look into regularityology, which is numeric in temperament, as the selected information collection regularity acting is stack. Advantages and disadvantages of this type of interrogation methodological abridgment atomic estimate 18 netly sketch a huge with the suggested prototype of entropy abridgment.Part 1 mental institution an d BackgroundThe stick in assume intends to interrogation the close race between natural endowment centralizeing and intimacy attention as relate to the constantly developing HR theme. It is alpha to fancy how the capital punishment of cognition heed activities prat contri only ife to part work of ultramodern brass sections especi wholey in full wrong of givings circumspection procedures and reinforcing the potentiality difference difference of employees (Arthur, 2012). It ensnareation be indicated that the combining of natural endowment steering and noesis forethought is serious for the operations present at companies (Aiman-Smith et al., 2006 Analoui, 2007). natural endowment anxiety has been open up employmentful to locomote employees to demonstrate their skills, as this would be thinkable by means of raising awargonness more or less the importance of intimacy counsel. Different noesis perplexity concepts rout out be set as directl y related to endowment wariness endeavours in organisations (Analoui, 2007). such(prenominal) concepts ar related to recognising the potential of friendship employees, presenting adequate orientation to create and shargon intimacy as tumefy as demonstrate activities pertaining to the retention of upstanding familiarity.For that reason, the take of the hear is to demonstrate the kinship between endowment fund counseling and familiarity care. This issue has been adequately explored in the literature in an endeavour to find out essential facial expressions pertaining to distributively of the two concepts (Arm hale, 2007). Yet it is expected that the present re driftation smoke provide pregnant insights into different methods and strategies that relate to use the advantages of genius management and companionship management in coiffe (Ingham, 2006).Three main look into questions are identified for the present study investigate Question 1 What is the recountin gship between endowment management and intimacy management in the scope of contemporaneous organisations? look for Question 2 How whoremaster cognition management contribute to extending the equal of genius management initiatives crossways organisations? explore Question 3 How disregard organisations meliorate the reflexion of learning among employees as intimately as empower them?such(prenominal) query questions are gestateed helpful and and so pull up stakes be covered in the study by providing adequate answers. specific objectives are identified for the studyTo mint and prove the impact of both(prenominal) natural endowment management and acquaintance management initiatives across organisations To learn employee contribution and attitude towards the functioning of the organisation and outline of picky proposition strategical goals To intromit a series of recommendations on how the relationship between talent management and experience management can be put forward to achieve optimum topics Part 2 Literature ReviewIntroductionThis section of the study outlines major(ip) points related to the nexus between talent management and intimacy management as outlined in the literature. The introduction of acquaintance management programs is open beneficial to develop and stir mechanisms of talent management initiatives. This in turn will result in more empowered employees who tend to be more satisfied with their job and so more productive in the long marches. A square(a) part of the literature review section refers to exploring the link between talent management and fellowship management. The vehemence is on the attitude demonstrated by employees regarding the conclave of these two essential concepts of the HR field.The Link between Talent prudence and Knowledge precautionIt has been argued that talent management is in the main associated with enhancing the potential of new employees as well as recruiting and retaining e xisting ones. In the serve of retaining employees, the focus is on the most fit and adequate workers in the organisation. separate elements underscore by talent management entangle educational and training opportunities, progression planning, and organisational elaboration (De Wit and Meyer, 2005). The pull ins of talent management expect been recognised in the literature (Aiman-Smith et al., 2006). Such an activity is dependent to reassure by the HR plane section. Researchers wipe out foc utilize on the best airs that can be used to expand the skills of their employees, which would be likely through with(predicate) the growth of germane(predicate) strategic objectives (Analoui, 2007). Organisations should be adequately prepared to turn back to each changes or aspects of financial murder. The contribution of talented employees should be considered in the operation of organising adequate talent management and noesis management initiatives.In addition, tecs su bstantiate argued that the interrelatedness of familiarity management and talent management is largely maintained for the action of especial(a) strategic goals (Aiman-Smith et al., 2006). As a specific area in the HR field, talent management requires world-shaking attention in bless to utilise the optimal potential of employees in the workplace. On the other hand, intimacy management has been comprehend as introducing regulatory mechanisms that can facilitate or spark off employees to achieve their full potential. This can be done through the creation, accumulation and use of solid knowledge mechanisms in the organisational context (Aiman-Smith et al., 2006 De Wit and Meyer, 2005). It has been identified that knowledge club management is a specific field deep down the patient of domain of knowledge management, as it has been considered such differentiation is primal to expand the knowledge in modern organisations.The focus of employee exploit has been emphasised in th e literature especi all in ally in a direction of recruiting talented employees and advancing the possibilities of entropy technology (Evans et al., 2007). As a result, companies would be able to use and share knowledge in an efficient manner. The caprice is to enhance organisational capital punishment at all workable levels (Haesli and Boxall, 2005). The in put together(p) execution of talent management and knowledge management in organisations requires an adequately constructed ferment, which is related with the identification of talented employees, creating solid knowledge base, and sharing such knowledge efficiently. In addition, it is cardinal to motivate employees to practice such knowledge in the vanquish contingent manner by demonstrating creativeness and innovation. According to enquiry, knowledge management mechanisms can be rather an effective if they are connectd with models of talent management and hence focused on the capabilities and grammatical const ruction of organisations (Green, 2000).It can be argued that knowledge management mostly relates to essential aspects of technology development and organisation, with the farthest goal to create adequate knowledge procedures across organisations. It is significant to note that prospered knowledge management can be achieved if companies vouch efforts to cartel these two areas of the HR field (Frank and Taylor, 2004). Knowledge management practise can help organisations manage their knowledge base justly, while talent management application can reinforce the talent of employees and supervise them accordingly (Evans et al., 2007). In this context, it is significant to differentiate some of the most workable knowledge management competencies to include dimensions of organisational behaviour, structure and empowerment of knowledgeable employees.Knowledge Management and Organisational CapabilitiesKnowledge management is a dynamic area of the HR field pertaining to the identificatio n of essential capabilities and dimensions of organisational death penalty (Frank and Taylor, 2004 Green, 2000). The most relevant idea is to suffer knowledge principles continuously, which would contribute to better functioning of organisations. The HR plane section is usually trusty for raising awareness regarding the importance of knowledge management and knowledge creation at all levels of the organisation (Evans et al., 2007). at that placefore, it would be possible to identify knowledge management mechanisms as rather structured in nature as well as controlled by managers with the purpose to manage and control knowledge effectively. The process of accepting certain knowledge forms whitethorn be challenging, but the gang of knowledge management and talent management can significantly facilitate the performance of organisations (Evans et al., 2007). Knowledge management indicates the necessity to ensure constant reinforcement of certain HRM activities. Researchers constru ct argued to the graduate(prenominal)est degree the importance of measuring the performance of each employee especially through feedback, which has been found effective not only for the organisation but in addition for the professional development of employees (Frank and Taylor, 2004). In terms of performance, it has flummox crucial to implement a relevant schema and present a strong stack hence, companies are expected to introduce terminate strategic goals for future initiatives that can combine undefeatedly talent management and knowledge management. As a result, this would improve both the external and internal capabilities of the organisation, as shown in the literature (Green, 2000).However, short-term and past-oriented financial pointers cannot become distinctive indicators that can appraise the general federations performance anymore. In this context, intangible asset summation assets such as knowledge management and talent management rather than tangible finan cial assets are a measure of a companys strategic value (Smart, 1999). As a result, knowledge management has emerged as a quite important branch of management in the genius of developing intangible asset monitor remainss to evaluate performance indicators of the workforce as well as provide certain exposit about financial performance (Sewell, 2005). The intangible asset monitor is a system consisting of performance pointers that can link such intangible assets in a relevant manner.Moreover, the compartmentalisation of intellectual capital has become a priority to many organisations in an flak to enhance their internal structure and borrowing of certain criteria for employee performance, which whitethorn contribute to wide growth (Frank and Taylor, 2004). For that reason, lookers have proposed the implementation of make headway Cost Analysis (BCA) emerging as a strategic management line that includes both financial pointers and nonfinancial indicators (Green, 2000 Sewell, 2 005). Such a strategic learning system is able to modify a finical business theory through the implementation of strict monitoring mechanisms. The goal is to esteem an organisations knowledge management and talent management initiatives. At the alike clock, knowledge management emerges with significant objectives related to the improvement of all parameters of organisational knowledge, introduction of advance(a) mechanisms that support knowledge and motivation of employees (Evans et al., 2007). The combination of knowledge management and talent management activities is useful for enhancing organisations to achieve essential strategic objectives through a acquirely defined path of possibilities (Redman and Wilkinson, 2006). Yet, it can be indicated that knowledge management has not significantly contributed to the developed organisational performance. Its combination with talent management activities has been found a preferable option to enhance organisational performance (Gr een, 2000). The cost-effective parameters of such a combination of activities should be considered as well.Researchers have indicated that the BCA can realistically measure knowledge management and talent management performance through the method of cost compendium (Nonaka, 1994). In this sense, knowledge management refers to an intact philosophy of training employees in redact to enhance their collaboration and integration within the organisation. on that pointfore, lookers have suggested the method of knowledge management scorecard (KMSC) as a relevant way to evaluate performance through the lens of knowledge management (Evans et al., 2007).Effective faction of Talent Management and Knowledge ManagementThe conceptuality of the link between talent management and knowledge management is required in put in to expand the potential of employees to charter greater value to the organisation. Talent management has been found important in eliciting a sufficient amount of intellect ual knowledge (Nonaka, 1994). In addition, the notion of talent management formly perplexs to the principles outlined by strategic management. It aims to strengthen the dimensions of knowledge in organisations through the identification and reinforcement of talented employees, as the leading point made in the literature is that once these employees have been recognised, they should be retained in the long term (Sewell, 2005). The concept of talent management in any issue refers to the affective domain of the HR department especially in terms of facilitating a proper vision for emotional intelligence. discordant physical exertions can be excessively found in relation to how talent management and knowledge management can be adequately combined to create the southern positive impact and retain qualified and experienced employees in the long give (Sewell, 2005). It turn outs that in that respect are plenty of successful companies that have demonstrated their aim to combine the se two branches of management in an effective way. For instance, Igus, which is a leading manufacturer of brawniness systems in Germany, is a win example of such successful organisations (Igus Official Website, 2014). The company is noted for its commitment to arranging all aspects of management in a clear and efficient way by reinforcing the potential of employees so that they can contribute to optimal organisational performance.ConclusionIt has been argued that the necessity of including both talent management and knowledge management in contemporary organisations can contribute to improved performance, productivity and adequate employer-employee relationships. The focus is on the defining and implementation of a clear HR strategy for organisations to operate in special(prenominal) markets or industry sectors (Green, 2000). As illustrated in the literature review, the concept of combining talent management and knowledge management has been subject to extensive discussions amo ng management scholars. It has been identified that both systems should be carefully considered upon the implementation of a particular organisational strategy. Scholars have focused on the necessity to direct the HR department in a proper direction by taking advantage of the strong aspects of both talent management and knowledge management (Evans et al., 2007). Yet, greater emphasis is put on exploring the effects of different knowledge management frameworks that could further lead to the accomplishment of unlike strategic management goals. This literature review also emphasised that the combination of talent management and knowledge management initiatives is associated with rather positive effects on employee performance and productivity as well as job motivation. The adoption of a positive attitude among employees is a clear sign of the effectiveness of the mentioned combination of management approaches.An extensive focus on the talent management and knowledge management initia tive has been outlined in the interrogation literature. scorn the usefulness of training and development programs, the mentioned initiative has been considered more important in relation to specifying long-term implications. In addition, different recommendations have been introduced of how to expand the positive effect of talent management and knowledge management activities in todays organisations (Evans et al., 2007). The improvement of organisational control mechanisms has been extensively discussed in the literature. As a result, queryers have indicated the importance of extending employee learning and empowering them to come through as professionals in a particular area of expertise (Green, 2000). Therefore, the presented literature review fulfilled the objective of enabling mortals to understand the complexity of the talent management and knowledge management initiative.Part 3 Research MethodologyPrior to proposing the most viable explore method to be used in this stud y, it is important to clarify that focusing on research philosophy is congenital part of the entire research process. numeric research methodology is considered most allot to answer the presented research questions and achieve the utter objectives. In this way, the research worker needs to focus on collecting a veritable amount of mathematical information that would be sufficient to explain particular research phenomena (Balnaves and Caputi, 2001). In terms of presenting a clear paradigm of research philosophy, the emphasis is on the use of positivist research philosophy, in the sense of providing an adequate explanation for gentle behavioural patterns from the perspective of cause and effect. The hearty environment has been identified as an optimal place to collect the information inevitable for presenting research findings (Nonaka, 1994). Moreover, the possibility to achieve a high level of generalisability of findings is a relevant way to ensure greater objectiveness of the obtained information. to generalise the findings to the wider population.Advantages and Limitations of quantitative Research MethodologyThe staple aspect underlying the specificity of quantitative method is its focus on retrieving sufficient numerical information, which would allow the researcher to conduct an in-depth statistical analysis (Balnaves and Caputi, 2001). The retrieval of quantitative selective information is statistically dominated and consequently emerges with certain accuracy considering that it is not open to various interpretations as in qualitative research design. One of the benefits of adopting quantitative research methodology is that it contributes to the easy collection of data, as it can be visually presented with charts and figures. Another benefit of this type of methodology is associated with the possibility to operate out a research at a large scale payable to inclusion of extensive statistical details (Green, 2000). A disadvantage of the res earch method selected for this study is that it whitethorn represent a rather costly option compared to qualitative research design (Vogt, 2006). A heartbeat disadvantage of quantitative research methodology relates to changing numbers as a result of specific operations and calculations, as this may have a disconfirming impact on the overall results obtained in the study (Nonaka, 1994).Sampling ProcedureThe sampling procedure used to construct a relevant try on of participants is haphazard sampling, which refers to selecting individuals on a hit-or-miss principle (Balnaves and Caputi, 2001). There is a sense of unpredictability associated with this sampling procedure, as the object of the researcher is to ensure optimal objectiveness of results. It can be stated that all people from a particular part have the equal chance to enter in the study. The simple proficiency pertaining to haphazard sampling is the availability of random number tables, which serve a notification pu rpose in the sense of informing the researcher to select study subjects at a particular defined period and thus participants are fatherd on a random principle (Vogt, 2006). However, it should be noted that the use of randomisation devices may be also considered in this study, as it has been found to learn effective results in terms of avoiding predetermine in research (Maxim, 1999). The application of random sampling is a proper way to produce legitimate results as well as adequate findings and implications for long-term practice.It is important to indicate that the results obtained from randomly selected participants are perceived as credible and accurate and thus such a sampling technique should be preferred in the research process (Balnaves and Caputi, 2001). However, there is a significant challenge associated with the selected sampling technique. It obviously cannot include all representatives of the general population, which may result in the formation of sampling errors. T here is an aspect of uncertainty, but this usually emerges with any method and thus the researcher should be prepared to address similar concerns (Maxim, 1999). In order to accomplish the research objectives outlined in this study, the researcher considers the formation of a sample that consists of 250 senior managers employed in a UK based financial institution.ValidityThe aspect of internal hardship is important in research, as it relates to evaluating whether the study can assess what it was initially outlined. In addition, severity refers to ascertain whether the obtained results can be considered truthful. There is also an aspect of external lustiness, which is associated with achieving a high level of comprehensive research results in the sense that they find a broad application in various research settings (Vogt, 2006). Thus, it is put on that the present study has an adequately high level of internal robustness because of the lack of insufficient knowledge on the topic or improperly introduced arguments. However, it should be considered that data insufficiency may pose a significant risk to ensuring stiffness of data. It is important to avoid situations leading to the times of low internal hardihood from research findings (Carmines and Zeller, 1980). In addition, certain instrumentation issues in relation to the data collection shaft may create additional challenges in the process of ensuring internal validity.The possibility to generate invalid scores is also clear and similar situations should be apparently fall in the organisational context. The issue of order shabbiness is a concern which is also considered in the present study, as the focus is on the order of particular involvement conditions that should not be removed from the precise effect of those conditions (Carmines and Zeller, 1980). former(a) threats considered in the present research include particular errors in statistical analysis testing, improperly constructed correlations and the emergence of causal errors, which are most likely to appear in the data analysis process. In terms of exploring the dimensions of external validity, it is important to consider its important role in determine outcomes in quantitative research. External validity refers to drawing more general inferences in relation to the collection of data among participants. Specific time periods and settings are important in determining the study results, but there are bothers in relation to external validity that should be adequately considered. The major problematic issue is related to good deal population, which is followed by time and attempts to ensure a sufficient level of environmental validity (Balnaves and Caputi, 2001). In terms of testing trace population validity, the researcher is concerned with the idea of whether specific inferences can be obtained from a particular population segment. In case bias is demonstrated passim the research process, it is clear that external va lidity is subjected to substantial threat.Furthermore, in case the sample sizing is considered insufficient or lacking characteristics of randomness, it may appear that the respective calculations are irrelevant. The process of achieving greater generalisation of results to the wider population may be problematic. The concept of time validity may emerge in order to demonstrate the degree to which obtained research findings can be comprehensive as related to other time periods (Carmines and Zeller, 1980). There may be certain changes occurring in the connection between variables, implying that the perceived level of time validity in this case would be rather low. The notion of environmental validity shows that the retrieved results can be comprehensive across a variety of settings. Despite the assumed high dependability and accuracy of the selected research methodology, it should be noted that achieving proper multinational generalisability may be a problem especially when it refer s to small surveys and case studies (Carmines and Zeller, 1980). In conclusion, it can be argued that the notions of validity and reliability are more applicable to quantitative research than qualitative research.Part 4 Data AnalysisThe process of conducting an in-depth data analysis is fundamental to achieve the research objectives of the study. Considering that the proposed data collection tool is survey is important to implement statistical analysis, which is properly constructed. Yet, it should be considered that the researcher may provide various alternative ideas in terms of analysing the information obtained from research participants (Vogt, 2006). It is important to adhere to a properly constructed strategy of data analysis considering that extensive knowledge of works with survey data is essential throughout all floors of the data analysis process. There are different paths of analysis that can be followed by the researcher in this study, as the most important aspect is to recognise the specific audience and research objectives, and thus the implementation of an appropriate analysis tool to interpret the data would be possible (Maxim, 1999).The initial stage of data analysis is represented by explorative Data Analysis (EDA), which indicates that the researcher initially looks into the data set in order to determine specific categories that will be later grouped for analysis. It is a preliminary exam form of data analysis (Vogt, 2006), but the essential part of the process is to put on the main findings from the collected survey data. It is important to make sure at this stage that analysis files are adequately uniform with one another because the issue of data analysis inconsistencies may be quite problematic in the long term (Maxim, 1999). It is also important to mention that the survey results can be analysed with specific software system applications, which are intended for similar purposes. Other basic aspects to be considered during the data analysis process include filtering, comparing and covering rules as well as using saved views of the data set. Once the researcher prepares a summary of the retrieved data, the next bill would be to focus on individual responses and exporting charts. As mentioned in the research literature, the use of charts and figures significantly facilitates the visual first appearance of the research findings (Vogt, 2006).ReferencesAiman-Smith, L., Bergey, P., Cantwell, A. R., and Doran, M. (2006). The Coming Knowledge and dexterity Shortage. 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